Master of grotesque figures and surreal landscapes

Hieronymus Bosch, also known as Jheronimus van Aken, was born around 1450 in 's-Hertogenbosch, part of the Duchy of Brabant in what is now the Netherlands. Little is known about his early life and education, but it is believed that he was born into a family of artists and may have learned the basics of painting in his father's workshop.

Bosch is famous for his unique style, which is characterized by fantasy, symbolism, and detailed depictions of sometimes grotesque figures and surreal landscapes. His works are often inspired by religious themes, especially hell, the Last Judgment and sin. He created complex compositions that blend fantastic creatures, fantastical landscapes, and allegorical symbols.

Bosch ran a successful workshop in 's-Hertogenbosch and had numerous students and imitators. Although he was not internationally known during his lifetime, he had a major influence on 16th-century Dutch painting and is considered a pioneer of Mannerism and Surrealism. His works were also admired and influenced by later artists such as Pieter Bruegel the Elder and Salvador Dalí.

Some of Hieronymus Bosch's most famous works include "The Garden of Delights," "The Hay Wagon," "The Temptations of St. Anthony," and "The Last Judgment." These paintings are notable for their detailed execution, multitude of figures, and evocative depictions of sin and redemption.

Although Bosch did not enjoy the same fame during his lifetime as some of his contemporaries, he is now considered one of the most important painters of the Middle Ages. His works are known for their symbolic depth, innovative representational style, and enigmatic beauty. They raise questions about morality, religion, and human nature, and continue to provide rich material for interpretation and study today.

Hieronymus Bosch died in 's-Hertogenbosch in 1516, but his legacy as a visionary and unique artist lives on, and his works are admired in museums around the world.